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Title: You mean I don’t have to go back?

Posted on August 25, 2025 by Brian D. Lerner, Immigration Lawyer & Deportation Attorney

Question: I have been here for several months on a Visitor Visa and have found that I love the U.S. I do not want to return to my home country. I have a Visa that states it is a Multiple Entry Visitor Visa for the next ten years. However, when I entered the U.S., I was given a white card that states that I must leave by next month. Is there anything I can do?

Answer: First, while you get the Visa at the U.S. Consulate or Embassy, it is the INS who actually controls how long you will stay in the U.S. They are the organization that you must pass at any port of entry into the U.S. A port of entry can be by road (i.e., from Canada or Mexico), or by airport (anywhere in the world.) When you enter the U.S., the INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) will issue what is known as an I-94. This is a white card that is stapled to your passport. It will state exactly when you are authorized to stay in the U.S. If the visa in your passport lasts longer than the I-94, that is irrelevant. Further, if your passport expires during your stay in the U.S. that is also irrelevant as long as the time on your I-94 is still available.

You can file for a change of status. What this means is that as long as the application to change your status is done PRIOR to the expiration of your current stay, you will be able to remain in the U.S. while that application for change of status is being ruled upon.

Question: I read somewhere that the INS wants these type of applications at least 45 days before the expiration of your status. Is that true?

Answer: Normally that is true. However, the law is very specific. As long as you are currently in status at the time the application is received by INS, it will be timely. As a matter of fact, there have been many occasion when my office gets someone in the day before expiration of their status. We prepare the application and actually have it hand delivered on the day of expiration. In that event, it is still timely.

Question: What are the possibilities for changing my status and what types of applications will work?

Answer: Actually, there is a variety of different applications you can do. There are many different kinds of work visas such as the H-1B, H-2B, O-1, P-1 and so on. You can also change to a Student Status such as F-1 or M-1. To change to a working status you would need an employer who would agree to sponsor you. To change to a Student Status, you would need to get the I-20 from a school and then have that submitted with the application for Change of Status.

Question: Once I file the application for Change of Status can I start working or going to school right away?

Answer: No. You must wait while INS rules on the matter. However, you are given an automatic extension of your current status while the Change of Status is pending. Therefore, if you want to stay in the U.S. and your current status is about to expire, there are many ways to change your status and you should take advantage of the appropriate one.

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Immigration Article: To Extend or Not to Extend?

Posted on July 27, 2025 by Brian D. Lerner, Immigration Lawyer & Deportation Attorney

Question: I entered the United States on a Visitor Visa. I have been here for about 4 months and my status will expire in another two months. Can I simply extend my status without going back to my home country?

 Answer: Prior to September 11, 2001, it would not have been a problem. These types of extensions were quite easy and were usually approved without any problems. However, after September 11, 2001, new regulations have come out regarding the B1/B2 Visitor Visa. These regulations first were issued to make it clear that persons entering the United States do not automatically get a Visitor Visa for six months. Rather, they could get the Visitor Visa for only a month, or the time required for the stay in the United States. Thus, you might have been able to get a Visitor Visa at the U.S. Embassy or Consulate for six months, but when you entered the United States, the Immigration and Naturalization Service might have only given you a lawful stay of 30 days.

This has had the effect of decreasing the number of people who visit the United States. Realistically, when you are traveling from around the world or some distant country, it was not worth the risk for people to stay only a month (especially if this was a once or twice in lifetime type of vacation.) Also, the uncertainty of being issued a Visitor Visa at the Consulate for a certain period of time, only to have it reduced significantly at the border did not bode well with travelers.

 Now, the Immigration and the Naturalization Service has denied many extensions for Visitor Visas. Additionally, many of the ones that have been granted have been granted for only 15 to 45 days. While some extensions are being granted, a large number of extensions are getting what is known as a Request for Evidence. This is a document whereby the Immigration and Naturalization Service does not yet deny the extension, but rather, asks for more information before making a decision. Some Requests for Evidence are intensive consisting of many pages. In some cases, by time you get the response to the Request for Evidence, either the extension is denied, or it was approved for a very small time which has already passed.

 Question: What happens if the denial comes, or if your status is extended, but by time you get the approval notice, the approval date has already passed?

Answer: You will most likely be out of status. If this occurs, then you will not be able to change your status or adjust your status in the United States. You will have to leave the United States and go back to your home country in order to reapply for the Visitor Visa. Once they see that you have been out of status, it will be very difficult to get the Visitor Visa. Additionally, the Consulate or Embassy officers will see that you have just come back from the United States and may not believe you are intending on returning to your home country. Finally, depending on how long it has been since you were out of status, you might be barred from coming back into the United States for the next 10 years.

Question: Is there any other way to remain in the United States without having to go back to my home country?

Answer: Yes. Rather than an extension of your status, you would apply for a change of status to some other type of status. You can obtain a Student change of status. This will allow you after it is approved to go to a designated school. Alternatively, there are a myriad of different types of work visas to allow you to work legally and remain in the country. At this point, I would not recommend doing the extension of the Visitor Visa. Rather, I would recommend that you change your status to some other type of status such as student, exchange or work status.

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I AM A PERMANENT RESIDENT… HOW DO I…GET A RE-ENTRY PERMIT?

Posted on June 15, 2025 by Brian D. Lerner, Immigration Lawyer & Deportation Attorney

Question: I need to leave the U.S. and am wondering if there is anything I need to do. Can you help?

Answer: As the Holiday Season approaches, it is important for Permanent Residents to review the rules and regulations regarding travel outside of the United States and proper procedures for obtaining a Reentry Permit. A re-entry permit can help prevent two types of problems: (1) Your Permanent Resident Card becoming technically invalid for re-entry into the United States (U.S.), if you are absent from the U.S. for 1 year or more. (2) Your U.S. permanent residence being considered as abandoned for absences shorter than 1 year, if you take up residence in another country.

A re-entry permit establishes a presumption that you did not abandon status, and it allows you to apply for admission to the U.S. after traveling abroad for up to 2 years, without having to obtain a returning resident visa. Re-entry permits are normally valid for 2 years from the date of issuance.

You may also want to get a re-entry permit if you plan on traveling outside the U.S. and cannot, or do not wish to get a passport from your home country. Many countries throughout the world may allow you to use a re-entry permit much like you would use a passport–placing necessary visas, and entry and exit stamps in the permit–so you may use it as your main travel document. Be sure to check with the country(ies) you plan on visiting about their requirements before you travel.

Question: What will happen if I do not apply for a re-entry permit before I travel outside of the U.S.?

Answer: If you are a permanent resident who plans to travel outside of the U.S. for one year or more, it is important that you apply for a re-entry permit before you depart the U.S. If you stay outside of the U.S. for one year or more and did not apply for a re-entry permit before you left, then you may be considered to have abandoned your permanent resident status and may be refused entry into the U.S. if you try to return. If you are in this situation, you should try to apply for a returning resident visa.

Question: Can I apply for the re-entry permit and then leave, even though I don’t have the re-entry permit in my possession yet?

Answer: U.S. immigration law does not require that you have the re-entry document in your possession when you depart, but it does require that you apply for the permit before you leave the U.S. It is possible to send your re-entry permit to the U.S. Consulate or Embassy in the country you plan on visiting, but you’ll need to specifically request this when you file your I-131. If you choose this option, you should contact the U.S. Consulate or Embassy in the country you plan on visiting when you arrive, to let them know how to contact you while you are in that country. The U.S. Consulate or Embassy may then contact you if your application is approved and your permit has arrived there.

If you are planning to use the re-entry permit as a passport, then you will need to wait for it before leaving the U.S. If you cannot wait, you may want to contact the consulate of the country you are planning to visit to find out if you can use other documents to enter.

Question: How do I get a re-entry permit?

Application: If you want to get a re-entry permit, file Form I-131, Application for Travel Document. You should file this application well in advance of your planned trip.

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How can I petition a helper from Mexico?

Posted on June 4, 2025 by Brian D. Lerner, Immigration Lawyer & Deportation Attorney

Question: I have a business that I have started in the U.S. I am from the Philippines and my business partner is from Mexico. We would like to petition someone from Mexico and another person from Singapore. Can you give me an option of what needs to be done?

Answer: Prior to January 1, 2004 there was what was known as NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement.) While it still exists, there are some changes which have just gone into effect. This will answer your question on how to petition the person from Mexico. Mexican Nonimmigrants (“TN”) Professionals have newer, easier and faster procedures for coming in under this type of visa.

Under the new provisions of the NAFTA, the petition requirements employers wanting to hire Mexican professionals under the provisions of the NAFTA will no longer be required to obtain a certified labor condition application from the US Department of Labor or file Form I-129 with the USCIS. In many cases, this procedure would take six months to one year. Now, Mexican professionals desiring a free trade visa will apply directly to a US Department of State consular office in Mexico for the visa. This will allow you to petition for him/her much quicker as the application can be sent directly to the U.S. Consulate.

Question: What if one of the Mexican nationals I cam considering hiring is already in the U.S. on another status. Must he leave the U.S.?

Answer: No. Extensions and changes of nonimmigrant status for NAFTA professionals in TN classification will continue to be processed by the USCIS. Extension and change of status applications for TN nonimmigrant professionals must be submitted to the Nebraska Service Center for processing, accompanied by a letter from the US or foreign employer stating the activity to be engaged in, the anticipated length of stay, and the arrangements for remuneration.

Question: Do these new NAFTA provisions apply to my prospective worker from Singapore?

Answer: No. ‘TN’ visas under NAFTA apply only to persons from Mexico and Canada. However, there has been an implementation of New Chile and Singapore Free Trade Agreements as of January 1, 2004. Under the immigration provisions of these agreements, as approved by Congress in Public Laws 108-77 and 108-78, a new H-1B1 nonimmigrant category has been created for professionals from Chile and Singapore. For purposes of the trade agreements, a professional is defined as “a national of [Chile or Singapore] who is engaged in a specialty occupation requiring (a) theoretical and practical application of a body of specialized knowledge; and (b) attainment of a post-secondary degree in the specialty requiring four or more years of study (or the equivalent of such a degree) as a minimum for entry into the occupation.”

In addition, the two agreements allow for the presentation of alternate educational credentials in the case of certain Chilean citizens seeking admission as H-1B1 Agricultural Managers and Physical Therapists. Further, in the case of both countries, the two agreements allow persons seeking admission as Management Consultants to present alternative documentation reflecting experience in the area of specialization. By statute, Chile will be allocated a maximum of 1,400, and Singapore a maximum of 5,400 H-1B1 nonimmigrant visas annually for professionals from these countries.

Question: Where must the people from Singapore apply?

Answer: Citizens of Chile or Singapore must apply directly to the US Department of State overseas for an H-1B1 nonimmigrant visa to be eligible for admission to perform professional services for a US employer pursuant to the two trade agreements. As with the provisions of the NAFTA, the USCIS will only process requests for extensions and changes of nonimmigrant status to H-1B1 nonimmigrant professional for citizens of Chile and Singapore. USCIS will not accept initial requests for H-1B1 status under the two Free Trade Agreements.

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PERM: I can get my Green Card much faster!

Posted on May 20, 2025 by Brian D. Lerner, Immigration Lawyer & Deportation Attorney

 Question: I have heard a great deal about the new PERM program. Specifically, that it will take only 60 days or less to rule on the PERM application once it is submitted to the Department of Labor. Does this mean that I can immediately apply for a Green Card after receiving an approved Labor Certification?

Answer: The answer would be yes and no depending on your particular case. The normal procedure for a typical Labor Certification (which is what the new PERM is) would be for the employer to file what is known as the I-140 or employer petition once the Labor Certification is certified or approved. This petition is filed to the USCIS and basically would prove that the person is qualified for the position. If the visa number is available at the time the I-140 petition is filed, then the Adjustment of Status application could be filed at the same time as the I-140. In these types of cases, both subsequent applications to the labor certification could be filed at the same time and things would move very quickly. Of course, this also assumes that you are qualified to adjust your status in the United States to that of Lawful Permanent Residency.

However, in the last month, the EB-3 category for some countries has been backlogged and now has a significant wait before the visa number will become current. There are several categories that people fall under when applying for the Green Card. If the position requires less than two years experience, then it is considered unskilled labor. If the position requires more than two years experience, but does not require a college degree of at least a bachelor, then it is considered skilled labor. If the position requires a bachelor degree, but no type of higher degree, then it is considered a professional position. Thus, unskilled labor, skilled labor and professional positions all fall under the EB-3 category. If the visa number is backlogged, then you must await until the visa number becomes current in order to apply to adjust your status to that of a Lawful Permanent Resident.

Question: Which countries have backlogged EB-3 categories and how long do they have to wait?

Answer: There are three countries that are backlogged. They are China, India and the Philippines. If you happen to be from one of those countries, you must wait until the visa number becomes current in order to process the adjustment application after the visa number becomes current. At the present time, the current processing date is January 2002. Therefore, only if the priority date on the Labor Certification that you filed is on or before January 2002 will you actually be able to file the adjustment application at the present time. It does appear (although this could certainly change) that the wait for people in the EB-3 category would have to wait approximately 3 years for the visa number to be current for any new PERM application that is filed. Of course, it could be more or less depending on how fast the visa numbers are processed.

Question: What if I am from one of those countries, but my job requires a Masters or Doctorate degree?

Answer: In that case, you would not be in the EB-3 category, but rather, you would be in the EB-2 category for positions that require advanced degrees. If this were the case, there is no backlog and you would be able to file the adjustment application right away after the Labor Certification is approved.

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