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Title: Will I qualify for a work permit?

Question: I entered the United States a couple of months ago as a visitor and would now like to work in the United States. I have a degree in Business with an emphasis in accounting and have a couple of firms interested in hiring me. Do I qualify for a work permit, and if so, what must I do?

Answer: First, based upon your degree, you qualify for what is known as a Specialty Occupation Work Visa. This is also known as the H-1B. It is meant for positions which require specialized knowledge and where a college degree is the norm for the industry. Therefore, your position would qualify. You would need to be hired as an accountant.

Question: How do you know that an accountant is a specialty occupation?

Answer: There are many sources that can be viewed from the Department of Labor. These sources are either on the internet, or in printed publication. It basically states what the normal duties for the particular position are and what are the normal educational requirements needed to successfully perform the job.

Question: What type of company must sponsor me?

Answer: As an accountant, any company can sponsor you. Every company can use an accountant. If you had said that you had a degree in biology, your sponsoring companies would have to be much narrower. They would specifically have to deal with biology. The H-1B can be full-time or part-time.

Question: Do I have to leave the U.S. to get the visa?

Answer: Yes, you would have to leave the U.S. to get the visa. However, should you want to stay in the U.S., you can get a change of status from B2 (Visitor), to H-1B (Specialty Occupation Work Visa) Then, you would not have to leave the United States in order to start working for the company. However, if you did leave the United States, you would have to get the Visa in order to return to the United States. It is always possible to get the Visa approved at INS, but to get it denied at the Consulate. You would want to take this into consideration if you decided to leave after successfully getting your status changed to H-1B.

Question: How long does it take to get the answer from INS on whether they will approve the H-1B Petition?

Answer: Now it is taking from 6 to 9 months depending where you live. Should you want it much faster than that, you can put it through INS via Premium Processing. This is exactly what it implies. It goes to the top of the stack and is processed by INS within 15 days of receipt. All you need to do is pay INS $1,000.00 for them to process it as a Premium Process case. If they do not get the answer back to you within 15 days, then you get your $1,000.00 back.

Thus, the H-1B is a very good visa for someone with a college education to have. If you can get a sponsor related to your college degree, then you can see if the H-1B can be done. Usually, it is issued initially for 3 years and can be extended for another 3 years. In cases whereby the person has applied for Labor Certification and has waited for a considerable period of time, they can now apply for an even further extension of the H-1B. It is one of the nicest and most popular work visas available.

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Title: Will my attorney tell INS about me?

 Question: I have been in the United States for many years. I think there were several things I could have done in the past to help my situation, but did not know exactly what to do. Unfortunately, I let the opportunities pass because I was afraid to see a lawyer. To be honest, I was afraid they would turn me in to INS. Can you tell me what I can do?

Answer: First, you should not be afraid to see a lawyer. Lawyer’s have what is known as the Attorney-Client Privilege. This means that whatever you say to a lawyer cannot be discussed with anyone. If it is, then there is a very serious violation of the Professional Ethics of Responsibility.

Question: What is the reason for the Attorney-Client Privilege?

Answer: Actually, it is meant to protect people in your exact situation. People must not be afraid to see a lawyer to help them. If they thought that the lawyer would either tell someone, or turn them into INS, people would either not come for help, or would not tell the whole story. Naturally, if they did not tell the whole story, the lawyer could not fully represent them.

I have had clients in the past who did not tell me they had prior deportation orders. When the time came to submit everything, these people could have easily been detained and deported. Luckily, I found out the truth. However, had I not found out the truth, there cases would have been severely compromised.

Question: What happens if I get laid off or have a disagreement with my attorney? Can he or she then turn me in to INS?

Answer: No, the attorney-client privilege stays in tact forever. This means that years after the case is over, the attorney can still not disclose the facts of the case. Immigration is a very unique area of law. This is because many times people are afraid of being deported and assume that an attorney is an American who would either be working on behalf of the government or under an obligation to inform the government. While in some countries that may be true, it is not true in the U.S. An attorney is a person who wants to represent you to help you with your immigration problem. You need not be afraid to go into the office of an attorney. There are many constraints on what an attorney can and cannot do. All of these restraints are made to protect the public. Many times you are afraid and alone. Do not let another opportunity pass to obtain legal status because you think the attorney will call INS. You will only be hurting yourself in the future. In most cases, by helping yourself, you will also help your family. If you want to make absolutely certain that it will not be disclosed, make certain the attorney you are seeing is a licensed attorney. Only after you see an attorney and fully discuss every detail of your case can you get full and complete representation.

TN versus H1B visa


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TN versus H1B visa


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Title: New Hope for Aliens in Removal Proceedings

The Board of Immigration Appeals issued a decision, In re Ariadna Angelica Gonzalez, et al. (23 I & N Dec. 467, Interim Decision #3479, BIA 2002) on September 19, 2002 that seems to ease some of the restrictions on applying for cancellation of removal.

When an alien is placed into removal proceedings (previously referred to as deportation proceedings), there is a type of relief known as cancellation of removal. If the Immigration Judge grants the relief, then the alien will be granted lawful permanent residence in the United States. To qualify for this relief, one must show that he or she has been physically present in the United States for at least ten years prior to being placed into removal proceedings. Next, the alien must show they have good moral character and have not been convicted of certain crimes. Finally, the most difficult element to prove for this type of relief is to show that an immediate family member who is either a United States citizen or Lawful Permanent Resident will suffer exceptional and extremely unusual hardship if the he or she is removed from the United States.

Prior to In re Gonzalez, it appeared as though only those aliens in removal proceedings who had a United States son or daughter who suffered from some type of sever medical trauma would be granted cancellation of removal. Naturally, most people in proceedings could never meet such a high standard. This type of standard was not only restrictive, but unrealistic for most people to meet. Congress has allowed aliens without legal status in removal proceedings to apply for this type of relief. They have intended that long term residents should be given a real chance to be able to continue their lives in the United States without having their families torn apart and separated for years or for the rest of their lives.

The problem is with the term ‘exceptional and extremely unusual hardship.’ Clearly, any family who is separated by removal of one of its members from the United States will suffer hardship. However, for those who want to win the cancellation of removal cases, they must present facts showing that they will suffer exceptional and extremely unusual hardship. When this law was passed under the Immigration and Nationality Act section 240, there were no precedent decisions as to what constitutes this type of hardship. In reality, each Immigration Judge could have their own interpretation as to what type of hardship will fall under this standard. Previously, the Board of Immigration Appeals has issued very harsh decisions as to what constitutes this high standard of hardship. Subsequent to the issuance of those decisions, it has been practically impossible to ever get a grant of cancellation of removal from an Immigration Judge.

In re Gonzalez moves the pendulum back and gives the attorneys and the judges some realistic direction on what constitutes ‘exceptional and extremely unusual hardship’. In this case there was a single mother of six children and no family ties in Mexico. Four of her children were United States citizens. She has lawful permanent resident parents and five of her siblings are United States citizens.

The factors the Board of Immigration Appeals considered in assessing the hardship included the heavy financial burden imposed on her by having to support all of her family in her native country, the lack of any familial support for her children, the lack of any family in her native country, the children’s unfamiliarity with the Spanish language and the unavailability of any other means of immigrating to the United States.

In re Gonzalez makes it clear that ‘unconscionable’ hardship need not be shown. In deciding a cancellation of removal case, the age, health, and other circumstances of the relative must be considered if they are to live in a country with a lower standard of living.

The financial hardship on the alien was a determinative factor. The Board of Immigration Appeals noted that her children were not receiving any type of financial assistance from their father. Additionally, the Board of Immigration Appeals noted that should she be removed from the United States, it would be unlikely that she would be able to legally return to the United States in the foreseeable future.

The Board of Immigration Appeals stated that they must consider the ‘totality of the burden on the entire family’ that would result from the removal of the mother from the United States. Thus, a cumulative analysis must be made as to all of the factors relating to the hardship.

Prior to this decision, getting the Immigration Judge to grant a cancellation of removal was rare. Now, aliens in removal proceedings can present a myriad of evidence to meet the high standard of hardship that their families will suffer if they are removed from the United States.

Title: Employment Based Petitions Just Got Faster

Question: I filed a Labor Certification several years ago and it has just been certified. Now I am told that I must file the I-140 or Employment based petition. Additionally, I am told that only afterwards can I file the Adjustment of Status Petition. I urgently need to work and to leave the U.S., but cannot because it will take a considerable amount of time to process the I-140. Is there anything I can do to speed up the process?

Answer: Yes. You are very fortunate as new regulations were just passed by the Immigration and Naturalization Service which allow concurrent filings in certain situations for the I-140 Employment Petition and the I-485 Adjustment of Status Applications.

Question: Why Is the Service Issuing This Rule?

Answer: This interim rule is necessary to improve both efficiency and customer service, and to support the Service’s long-established goals for filing of petitions and applications via direct mail. Currently, as you are aware, an alien can only submit Form I-485 after the alien has had his or her underlying visa petition, Form I-140, approved, and when an immigrant visa is immediately available. Due to these requirements there has been a delay from the time the Form I-140 is filed with the Service until the alien worker, for whom a visa is otherwise immediately available, can properly file Form I-485 with the Service. The most practical and efficient way to eliminate this delay is to permit concurrent filing of Form I-485 together with Form I-140 in cases in which a visa is immediately available. Concurrent filing eliminates the delay that takes place between approval of Form I-140 and the subsequent filing of Form I-485. This interim rule provides for such concurrent filing.

Question: Does This Interim Rule Change or Amend the Substantive Eligibility Requirements for the Visa Petition or Permanent Residence Applications?

Answer: No, this interim rule does not change the current substantive requirements governing eligibility for and adjudication of the Form I-140 nor for the Form I-485.

Question: Who Is Eligible to File Forms I-140 and I-485 Concurrently?

Answer: Forms I-140 and I-485 may be filed concurrently only when an immigrant visa number is immediately available. This interim rule does not change the existing requirement that a visa number must be immediately available before an alien can apply for permanent resident status.

Question: If a Form I-140 Visa Petition Previously Filed for an Alien Worker Is Still Pending with the Service on or After the Date this Rule was published, and a Visa Number is immediately available, can the alien file Form I-485?

Answer: Yes, upon issuance of this rule, an alien whose Form I-140 visa petition is pending with the Service may file Form I-485, together with associated forms and fees, with the Service office at which the visa petition was filed. When filing Form I-485, the alien will be required to attach a copy of the Form I-797, Notice of Action, establishing previous receipt and acceptance by the Service of the underlying Form I-140 visa petition. When an immigrant visa is immediately available, Form I-485 may be filed either concurrently with the Form I-140 or anytime thereafter.

This is a very nice development from the Immigration and Naturalization Service. It will make both their adjudication more efficient, and persons whom want to work sooner on employment based visas will be able to do so considerably quicker than before.

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https://californiaimmigration.us/family-and-employment-based-applicants-on-the-rise

Title: You mean I don’t have to go back?

Question: I have been here for several months on a Visitor Visa and have found that I love the U.S. I do not want to return to my home country. I have a Visa that states it is a Multiple Entry Visitor Visa for the next ten years. However, when I entered the U.S., I was given a white card that states that I must leave by next month. Is there anything I can do?

Answer: First, while you get the Visa at the U.S. Consulate or Embassy, it is the INS who actually controls how long you will stay in the U.S. They are the organization that you must pass at any port of entry into the U.S. A port of entry can be by road (i.e., from Canada or Mexico), or by airport (anywhere in the world.) When you enter the U.S., the INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) will issue what is known as an I-94. This is a white card that is stapled to your passport. It will state exactly when you are authorized to stay in the U.S. If the visa in your passport lasts longer than the I-94, that is irrelevant. Further, if your passport expires during your stay in the U.S. that is also irrelevant as long as the time on your I-94 is still available.

You can file for a change of status. What this means is that as long as the application to change your status is done PRIOR to the expiration of your current stay, you will be able to remain in the U.S. while that application for change of status is being ruled upon.

Question: I read somewhere that the INS wants these type of applications at least 45 days before the expiration of your status. Is that true?

Answer: Normally that is true. However, the law is very specific. As long as you are currently in status at the time the application is received by INS, it will be timely. As a matter of fact, there have been many occasion when my office gets someone in the day before expiration of their status. We prepare the application and actually have it hand delivered on the day of expiration. In that event, it is still timely.

Question: What are the possibilities for changing my status and what types of applications will work?

Answer: Actually, there is a variety of different applications you can do. There are many different kinds of work visas such as the H-1B, H-2B, O-1, P-1 and so on. You can also change to a Student Status such as F-1 or M-1. To change to a working status you would need an employer who would agree to sponsor you. To change to a Student Status, you would need to get the I-20 from a school and then have that submitted with the application for Change of Status.

Question: Once I file the application for Change of Status can I start working or going to school right away?

Answer: No. You must wait while INS rules on the matter. However, you are given an automatic extension of your current status while the Change of Status is pending. Therefore, if you want to stay in the U.S. and your current status is about to expire, there are many ways to change your status and you should take advantage of the appropriate one.

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