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PERM Wins

PERM approval from Law Offices of Brian D. Lerner: His position was FINANCIAL ANALYST requiring a Bachelor’s degree in Commerce or Finance + 7 years experience in Accounting/Financial Analyst/Jr. Assist. Manager. ANY SUITABLE COMBINATION OF EDUCATION, TRAINING OR EXPERIENCE ACCEPTABLE.

Board of alien labor certification appeals 

BALCA meaning

PERM labor certification

Permanent labor certification: need help?

PERM Approval

PERM approval from Law Offices of Brian D. Lerner: His position was FINANCIAL ANALYST requiring a Bachelor’s degree in Commerce or Finance + 7 years experience in Accounting/Financial Analyst/Jr. Assist. Manager. ANY SUITABLE COMBINATION OF EDUCATION, TRAINING OR EXPERIENCE ACCEPTABLE.

Conditional permanent resident

Denial of PERM

H-2A and H-2B

Work permits

What is the Prevailing Wage?

Question: I am applying for the new PERM, but am having a very difficult time figuring out what is the prevailing wage and how to figure out what level it is. Can you please explain?

Answer: There are four levels to any job. Level 1 (entry) is for beginning level employees who have a basic understanding of the occupation. They perform routine tasks that require limited, if any, exercise of judgment. The tasks provide experience and familiarization with the employer’s methods, practices, and programs. The employees may perform higher-level work for training and development purposes. These employees work under close supervision and receive specific instructions on required tasks and results expected. Their work is closely monitored and reviewed for accuracy.

Level 2 (qualified) wage rates are assigned to job offers for qualified employees who have attained – either through education or experience – a good understanding of the occupation. They perform moderately complex tasks that require limited judgment. A Level 2 wage determination would be a requirement for years of education and/or experience

Level 3 (experienced) wages are for job offers for experienced employees who have a sound understanding of the occupation and have attained either through education or experience special skills or knowledge. They perform tasks that require exercising judgment and may coordinate the activities of other staff. They may have supervisory authority over those staff.

Level 4 (fully competent) wage rates are for competent employees who have sufficient experience in the occupation to plan and conduct work requiring judgment and the independent evaluation, selection, modification, and application of standard procedures and techniques. Such employees use advanced skills and diversified knowledge to solve unusual and complex problems. These employees receive only technical guidance and their work is reviewed only for application of sound judgment and effectiveness in meeting the establishment’s procedures and expectations. They generally have management and/or supervisory responsibilities.

Question: Does the amount of the prevailing wage change with the level it is at.

Answer: Most definitively. The higher the level, the higher the wage. This new system is preferable to the older system which had only two levels which were no experience and expert. Here, we have a more realistic way of assessing the experience so that someone with some experience will not have a wage that is much higher than their actual experience.

Retrogression: What it really means.

Question: I have a Perm Labor Certification that only took 3 months to get. However, now I am being told it will take years to actually get the Green Card. I am being told there is a “Quota Backlog” or “Retrogression“. What does this mean?

Answer: The Immigration and Nationality Act sets limits on how many green card visas may be issued each Fiscal Year (October 1 through September 30) in all visa categories. In addition, in the employment-based area where immigration is based on employment and not family relationships or investment, nationals of each country may obtain immigrant visas (i.e., a green card), in different preference categories (i.e., EB-1, EB-2, EB-3). The law further provides that no one country may have more than a specific percentage of the total number of visas available annually. If these limits are exceeded in a particular category, for a particular nationality, a waiting list is created and applicants are placed on the list according to the date of their case filing. This date is called a “Priority Date.” The priority date is the single, most important, factor in any immigration case.

Question: What are the EB categories of employment based visas?

Employment-Based First Preference (EB-1) includes: (1) Persons with extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business and athletics (persons who have risen to the top of their profession); (2) Outstanding professors and researchers; and (3) Multi-national executives and managers.

Employment-Based Second Preference (EB-2) includes: (1) Members of professions holding advanced degrees (Master’s or Ph.D.) (The position must be one that requires a Master’s or Ph.D. to perform the duties – the degree held by the individual does not determine whether or not it is an EB-2, rather it is the company’s job requirements. Additionally, the immigration regulations provide that a job which requires a minimum of a Bachelor’s degree PLUS a five years of progressively responsible experience will be considered equivalent to a Master’s level position and will qualify for EB-2.); and (2) Persons of exceptional ability in the sciences, art or business. Persons of exceptional ability are those who have a degree of expertise above that which is ordinarily expected.

Employment-Based Third Preference (EB-3) includes: (1) Professionals and skilled workers (bachelor’s degree or two years of training). The position must require a minimum of a bachelor degree or two years of training.

Other Workers includes positions that require less than two years of experience.

Question: What is the “Priority Date”?

Answer: If your category is employment-based and requires a labor certification, the priority date is established on the date a labor certification is filed with the State Workforce Agency. If your category is employment-based but does not require a labor certification, then the priority date is established on the date the CIS receives the I-140 Immigrant Visa Petition. However, the priority date does not attach to your case until the I-140 has been approved.

In order for an individual to obtain an immigrant visa, a visa number must be available to you. This is referred to as the priority date being “current.” The priority date is current if there is no backlog in the category, or if the priority date is on or before the date listed as current in the State Department’s monthly Visa Bulletin.

Question: Is there anyway I can expedite the process?

Answer: There is no way to get ahead on the list, other than filing an Immigrant Visa Petition in a higher preference category, provided that the individual and/or their position meet the criteria to do so. Otherwise, the individual must wait until eligible to apply along with others on the list before proceeding with filing the last step in the green card process. The last step is accomplished by filing an application to adjust status to that of a lawful permanent resident in the U.S., or by obtaining an immigrant visa at a U.S. Consulate abroad.

Question: What does it mean to be “current”?

Answer: If there is a “C” in your employment-based category on the Visa Bulletin, then there is no quota backlog and you may proceed with your I-485 adjustment application or immigrant visa application.

Question: my spouse was born in a different country than I as. Since the I-485 is based on my employment, does my spouse’s country of birth help me?

Answer: Your spouse’s country of birth may also be used to determine chargeability. For instance, if you were born in India, but your spouse was born in France and there is a quota backlog for India, but no quota backlog for France in your preference category, you and your spouse may proceed with your immigrant process based on your spouse’s country of birth.

Why can’t I file My Adjustment?

Question: I have just filed under the PERM program and it was very fast. In fact, it only took two weeks after filing. Now I was prepared to file for my Adjustment of Status application, but am told I cannot. What is going on?

Answer: The U.S. Department of State (DOS) has released its monthly Visa Bulletin for July 2005. This is a document which tells us which categories of employment based visas are current and which are not current. It basically lets us know what the processing priority date is. As of July 1, 2005, the third employment-based immigrant visa categories for professional workers, skilled workers, and unskilled workers will have reached their annual limits, and no further allocations of visas in these categories will be possible for citizens of any country through the end of 2005 fiscal year (FY 2005), which ends on September 30, 2005. With the start of the new fiscal year on October 1, 2005, immigrant visas will once again become available in these categories, but it is not possible to predict at this time what cut-off dates the DOS will impose. When retrogression occurs, the adjustment can no longer be filed.

Question: So what is the priority date that is being processed?

Answer: Note that through June 30, 2005, the cut-off date for professional and skilled workers is June 1, 2002; the cut-off date for unskilled workers from all countries is January 1, 1999. This means that you would have needed a Labor Certification priority date before that time. As of now, those categories are ‘U’ or unavailable.

Basically, individuals approved I-140 petitions in the third employment-based preference category for professional and skilled workers may apply for adjustment of status to permanent residence or for immigrant visas through June 30, 2005 only if their priority dates were before June 1, 2002. Adjustment applications received at a U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) service center on or before June 30, 2005 with the above met criteria are fine. Concurrent filings of the I-140 and adjustment applications were also permissible through June 30, 2005, provided the individual has a current EB-3 priority date for which an I-140 petition has not yet been filed. Again, such cases must have been received at the service center by June 30, 2005.

Question: What happened after June 30, 2005?

Answer: After June 30, 2005, the USCIS will reject all I-485 adjustment applications for third preference workers unless they are for occupations on the Department of Labor’s Schedule A. Individuals who are applying for immigrant visas abroad must have obtained their visas by June 30, 2005.

Recent legislation provided for the recapture of 50,000 employment-based immigrant visa numbers that were unused in FY 2001 through FY 2004. Such numbers are to be made available to employment-based immigrants described in the Department of Labor’s Schedule A and their accompanying spouses and children. Schedule A applies only to professional nurses, physical therapists, and certain aliens of exceptional ability in the sciences or arts. The Schedule A category is now current, meaning that immigrant visa numbers are available to Schedule A workers. The DOS estimates that immigrant visa numbers for Schedule A beneficiaries should be unaffected by the lack of professional and skilled worker EB-3 numbers for the foreseeable future.

With regard to properly filed adjustment applications (whether filed alone based on an approved I-140 petition or concurrently filed with an unapproved I-140 petition), such applications will be held in abeyance for the foreseeable future once EB-3 numbers retrogress on July 1. However, applicants will be entitled to employment authorization documents (EADs) and advance parole while their adjustment applications remain pending.

PERM: The Online Perm System

 Question: I understand that the new PERM applications can be submitted online. However, where the employer has established a sub-account for an attorney or agent is the attorney or agent permitted to submit applications on-line?

Answer: Yes, attorney or agent may submit applications under the following circumstances. An employer must complete the registration process as explained at http://www.plc.doleta.gov, including the initial log-in. During the initial log-in, the employer will change the employer’s temporary password (as assigned by the system during registration) and once logged-in, the employer can establish a sub-account for an attorney or agent. The employer will select a username for the attorney or agent, and the system will assign a temporary password. The attorney or agent will receive an e-mail with the username, temporary password, and the employer’s PIN. When the attorney or agent logs in and changes the attorney’s or agent’s password, the attorney or agent is then permitted to complete and submit applications on-line on behalf of the employer using the PIN of the employer in whose name the application is being filed.

Question: Are there any circumstances under which mailing in a labor certification application would prove more successful than electronically submitting an application on-line?

Answer: No, mailing-in an application will not prove more successful, as the mailed-in application, upon receipt at the National Processing Center, is date stamped. Until the application is data entered into the system by a data entry person (using the exact information shown on the form 9089), processing will not begin on the application. Once entered in the system, the mailed-in application receives the exact same automated analysis and manual scrutiny as an application submitted electronically. If there are two identical applications, one submitted electronically and one mailed-in, there will be no difference in how they are processed. The only difference will be in processing time; a mailed-in application will take longer, as not only mailing but also the data entry time will be involved. Remember: the on-line system will identify mistakes (e.g. entering four digits for a zip code instead of five digits) before allowing the application to be submitted, but the data entry person must enter the information exactly as shown on the application; a mistake on the form may trigger an audit or denial.

Question: Are there some tips you might have to get the process done quicker?

Answer: DOL verifies the existence of each employer that attempts to register. At first, this process went very quickly and employers received their PIN numbers and passwords sometimes within hours. Now that more employers are registering, it is taking an average of two weeks to get feedback on a registration. Because of the length of time it’s taking to register an employer, some are attempting to register multiple times, thus exacerbating the problem.

In many cases, DOL is sending back emails indicating that it cannot verify the employer’s existence and/or asking for documentation to verify that existence. DOL provided some pointers to avoid these requests or, if received, to respond to them:

On the form, please make sure that the company’s Headquarters address is included as the company address. You can put the address of the office where the beneficiary will work in the appropriate box, but it’s the overall corporate address that is pivotal on the “existence check”.

Avoid “doing business as (dba)” names wherever possible, and instead use the company’s legal name. The dba may complicate an existence check.

For companies that have several EINs, please use the EIN that the company had when it filed its articles of incorporation. If a separately incorporated subsidiary is registering, do use that subsidiary’s EIN, but don’t use a different EIN if the employer is just a division, or otherwise is not a legally separate entity.

The DOL recognizes that the Form SS-4 may not be readily available to some employers. If you’ve received a request for documentation to verify the employer’s existence that requests a Form SS-4, the DOL indicates that it will accept the employer’s most recent quarterly tax return instead. It has recently changed its requests to include that option, but if you received one of the old requests that give no alternative to the Form SS-4, please be advised that the quarterly tax return is nonetheless an option.

To create a sub-account for an attorney, the employer must log on using the designated PIN and password and create the account.

The employer can view all filings prepared by attorneys for which it has set up sub-accounts, but an attorney can view only the applications he or she has done, and cannot view any filings done by the employer or its other attorneys.

Because DOL wants the employer to be answerable for the process, an attorney will need to have a separate user account and password for each of its client companies. DOL realizes the difficulties this presents in managing multiple passwords, but is insistent on this system.

When an employer registers, it gets two emails, one providing the PIN and one providing a password. The employer is then supposed to log on and change the password to one of its own choosing. DOL notes that some employers have been simply forwarding the PIN and password to the attorney, and then the attorney logs in and changes the password. The employer then loses control of the account, as it no longer has control of the password. DOL asks that employers make the password change themselves, as DOL want the employer to maintain control of the master account.

Some employers have been having trouble receiving the emails with the PINs and passwords because of their spam filters. Because they come in two consecutive emails from the same sender—Dept. of Labor—some spam filters clear the emails out into the spam box. This, apparently, is a particular problem with those who use AOL as their ISP. One solution DOL suggests (apart from checking your spam box) is to create a free email account on Yahoo or hotmail for this purpose and thereby bypass the AOL filters. You might also be able to turn off some of AOL’s spam blocking.

Therefore, it seems as though it might take some time to get used to, but once familiar, it should go faster.

PERM: 245(i): Am I or am I not under it?

Question: I have heard a great deal of 245(i) and how people who are here illegally can still adjust status in order to obtain Lawful Permanent Residency. I can’t figure out who is under 245(i) and who is not. Can you explain?

Answer: In general, 245(i) allows someone who filed either a Labor Certification or a family based petition prior to April 30, 2001. They would pay $1,000 fine and then they can apply for adjustment of status.

Question: What if my sister applied for me and it will take another 12 years for the visa number to become current? Can I fall under 245(i) with another application?

Answer: Yes, 245(i) is ‘grandfathered’ and can be transferred to another quicker application (like PERM) and still be eligible under 245(i).

Question: What if the adjustment application is denied? Can I file another application and still be under 245(i)?

Answer: Yes. Regardless of how many applications you have, you can keep paying the $1,000 penalty fee along with the normal application fees until an adjustment application is approved.

Question: How about dependants of the person who qualifies for adjustment of status? Who exactly qualifies?

Answer: If the relationship existed at the time the application was filed, the spouse and children are grandfathered. This means that even if there is a divorce or the child becomes older than 21 years of age, they are still grandfathered.

However, if the relationship with the principal did not exist until after April 30, 2001, then the dependants do not independently qualify under 245(i), but rather, must apply with the principal alien. In other words, they are under 245(i) as long as the relationship still exists with the principal person.

If the principal person applied for adjustment of status and then gets married or has another dependant, that person cannot then apply for adjustment of status under 245(i).

Thus, whether you are grandfathered under 245(i) is of critical importance as to whether you can eventually apply for lawful permanent residency. Therefore, you need to be very careful in determining whether you qualify under the above referenced rules.

PERM: Can I bring in my babysitter?

Question: I understand that PERM applications are greatly expediting the Labor Certification process. Could you let me know if I can bring my babysitter and domestic helper into the United States under the PERM program?

Answer: Yes, it is possible under PERM. It does require a significant amount of detailed documentation to be successfully file a PERM application for a domestic helper. Employers filing applications on behalf of live-in household domestic service workers must provide the following documentation:

First, a statement describing the household living accommodations which must include the following: (i) Whether the residence is a house or apartment; (ii) The number of rooms in the residence;(iii) The number of adults and children, and ages of the children residing in the household; and (iv) That free board and a private room not shared with any other person will be provided to the alien.

Next, thee should be two copies of the employment contract, each signed and dated prior to the filing of the application by both the employer and the alien (not by their attorneys or agents). The contract must clearly state: (i) The wages to be paid on an hourly and weekly basis; (ii) Total hours of employment per week, and exact hours of daily employment; (iii) That the alien is free to leave the employer’s premises during all non-work hours except the alien may work overtime if paid for the overtime at no less than the legally required hourly rate; (iv) That the alien will reside on the employer’s premises; (v) Complete details of the duties to be performed by the alien; (vi) The total amount of any money to be advanced by the employer with details of specific items, and the terms of repayment by the alien of any such advance by the employer; (vii) That in no event may the alien be required to give more than two weeks’ notice of intent to leave the employment contracted for and the employer must give the alien at least two weeks’ notice before terminating employment; (viii) That a duplicate contract has been furnished to the alien; (ix) That a private room and board will be provided at no cost to the worker; and (x) Any other agreement or conditions not specified on the Application for Permanent Employment Certification form.

Question: Does my domestic employee have to have past experience?

Answer: Yes. There should be documentation of the alien’s paid experience in the form of statements from past or present employers setting forth the dates (month and year) employment started and ended, hours of work per day, number of days worked per week, place where the alien worked, detailed statement of duties performed on the job, equipment and appliances used, and the amount of wages paid per week or month. The total paid experience must be equal to one full year’s employment on a full-time basis.

Question: Once the PERM would be certified and approved, can I then proceed to do the final processing for my domestic helper?

Answer: Unfortunately, the answer is no. Very recently, the visa priority charts from the Department of State made the ‘other worker’ category (which includes unskilled labor) backlogged for every country around the world. The typical wait looks like it will be around three years for the visa number to become current. Thus, you could not begin final processing until that time. However, to be able to file PERM application for a household worker is a great improvement over past practices. Thus, while it is not perfect, it is a great deal better than in the past.

PERM: It is the same process to see if a candidate is not qualified for the position?

 Question: I understand that PERM applications will be able to be filed starting at the end of March. Also, I understand that there has to be pre-recruitment prior to the filing of the PERM application. My question is whether the process to see whether an applicant is qualified or not qualified for the position is the same. What must be done and what must be documented?

Answer: Prior to PERM, the applicant had to meet any and all requirements for the position. If they did not meet any requirement in particular, then they were not qualified for the position and the employer would be able to disqualify the applicant.

However, there is a new provision in the PERM requirements that do make it more difficult to show that a potential employee is disqualified for the position. Under PERM, if the potential applicant does not have each and every one of the requirements of the position, he or she cannot immediately be disqualified. The PERM regulations state that if the potential employee could be trained on the job in a reasonable amount of time that he or she cannot be disqualified and they must be considered to be eligible for the position.

Question: If they are eligible for the position, what exactly does that mean?

Answer: It means that the PERM labor certification is over and that the position cannot be certified because there are available U.S. workers for the position.

Question: What can be done to avoid this happening?

Answer: There will be several ways to try to avoid this. However, most clearly would be the attempt to make the position more difficult and to make the position so that it had more qualifications necessary. The employer would have to try to show that the potential employee could not be trained in a reasonable amount of time. While it is still somewhat early to determine what may and may not work, it would seem that if the employer was a smaller employer, that they may not have the time or resources to train a person for the position. It is entirely plausible that if a small employer has to train a new person, that by time that person is up and running that the business of the employer may be suffering. Also, the higher the qualifications needed in order to perform the positions, the harder it will be to show that they can be immediately trained or trained within a reasonable time. There should be more specificity in the job. For example, instead of stating that there should be a chef. It should state that there should be a chef with Middle Eastern or Asian experience. It should state the type of dishes necessary for the person to accurately perform the duties of the position.

While we are in new territory here, if the PERM is prepared carefully, it still appears to be a much better alternative than the old RIR Labor Certification system.

PERM: I can get my Green Card much faster!

 Question: I have heard a great deal about the new PERM program. Specifically, that it will take only 60 days or less to rule on the PERM application once it is submitted to the Department of Labor. Does this mean that I can immediately apply for a Green Card after receiving an approved Labor Certification?

Answer: The answer would be yes and no depending on your particular case. The normal procedure for a typical Labor Certification (which is what the new PERM is) would be for the employer to file what is known as the I-140 or employer petition once the Labor Certification is certified or approved. This petition is filed to the USCIS and basically would prove that the person is qualified for the position. If the visa number is available at the time the I-140 petition is filed, then the Adjustment of Status application could be filed at the same time as the I-140. In these types of cases, both subsequent applications to the labor certification could be filed at the same time and things would move very quickly. Of course, this also assumes that you are qualified to adjust your status in the United States to that of Lawful Permanent Residency.

However, in the last month, the EB-3 category for some countries has been backlogged and now has a significant wait before the visa number will become current. There are several categories that people fall under when applying for the Green Card. If the position requires less than two years experience, then it is considered unskilled labor. If the position requires more than two years experience, but does not require a college degree of at least a bachelor, then it is considered skilled labor. If the position requires a bachelor degree, but no type of higher degree, then it is considered a professional position. Thus, unskilled labor, skilled labor and professional positions all fall under the EB-3 category. If the visa number is backlogged, then you must await until the visa number becomes current in order to apply to adjust your status to that of a Lawful Permanent Resident.

Question: Which countries have backlogged EB-3 categories and how long do they have to wait?

Answer: There are three countries that are backlogged. They are China, India and the Philippines. If you happen to be from one of those countries, you must wait until the visa number becomes current in order to process the adjustment application after the visa number becomes current. At the present time, the current processing date is January 2002. Therefore, only if the priority date on the Labor Certification that you filed is on or before January 2002 will you actually be able to file the adjustment application at the present time. It does appear (although this could certainly change) that the wait for people in the EB-3 category would have to wait approximately 3 years for the visa number to be current for any new PERM application that is filed. Of course, it could be more or less depending on how fast the visa numbers are processed.

Question: What if I am from one of those countries, but my job requires a Masters or Doctorate degree?

Answer: In that case, you would not be in the EB-3 category, but rather, you would be in the EB-2 category for positions that require advanced degrees. If this were the case, there is no backlog and you would be able to file the adjustment application right away after the Labor Certification is approved.